Inosine pretreatment of pregnant rats ameliorates maternal inflammation-mediated hypomyelination in pups via microglia polarization switch.

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a neurological condition observed in premature infants, characterized by hypomyelination and activation of microglia. Maternal inflammation-induced brain injury in offspring significantly contributes to the development of PVL. Currently, there are no clinical pharmaceutical interventions available for pregnant women to prevent maternal inflammation-mediated brain injury in their offspring. Inosine has been shown to modulate the immune response in diverse stressful circumstances, such as injury, ischemia, and inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to examine the potential prophylactic impact of inosine on offspring PVL induced by maternal inflammation. This was accomplished by administering a 1 mg/ml inosine solution (40 ml daily) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 16 consecutive days prior to their intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (350 µg/kg, once a day, for two days). The results showed that maternal inosine pretreatment significantly reversed the reduction in MBP and CNPase (myelin-related markers), CC-1 and Olig2 (oligodendrocyte-related markers) in their PVL pups (P7), suggesting that inosine administration during pregnancy could improve hypomyelination and enhance the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in their PVL pups. Furthermore, the protective mechanism of inosine against PVL is closely associated with the activation and polarization of microglia. This is evidenced by a notable reduction in the quantity of IBA 1-positive microglia, a decrease in the level of CD86 (a marker for M1 microglia), an increase in the level of Arg 1 (a marker for M2 microglia), as well as a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, and an increase in the level of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 in the brain of PVL pups following maternal inosine pretreatment. Taken together, inosine pretreatment of pregnant rats can improve hypomyelination in their PVL offspring by triggering the M1/M2 switch of microglia.

Covalent Targeting As a Common Mechanism for Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex important for the regulation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß and IL-18. Aberrant overactivation of NLRP3 is implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders. However, the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to develop pharmacologic approaches to target this important inflammatory complex. Here, we developed and implemented a high-throughput screen to identify compounds that inhibit the inflammasome assembly and activity. From this screen, we identify and profile inflammasome inhibition of 20 new covalent compounds across nine different chemical scaffolds, as well as many known inflammasome covalent inhibitors. Intriguingly, our results indicate that NLRP3 possesses numerous reactive cysteines on multiple domains whose covalent targeting blocks the activation of this inflammatory complex. Specifically, focusing on compound VLX1570, which possesses multiple electrophilic moieties, we demonstrate that this compound allows covalent, intermolecular cross-linking of NLRP3 cysteines to inhibit inflammasome assembly. Our results, along with the recent identification of numerous covalent molecules that inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, further support the continued development of electrophilic compounds that target reactive cysteine residues on NLRP3 to regulate its activation and activity.

The effect of telemedicine on stoma-related complications in adults with enterostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the effect of telemedicine on stoma-related complications in adults with enterostomy, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of the telemedicine group compared to the usual group. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and VIP databases from their inception up to October 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from the included and excluded literature according to predetermined criteria. Data collected were subjected to meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software. The final analysis included a total of 22 articles, encompassing 2237 patients (telemedicine group: 1125 patients, usual group: 1112 patients). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that, compared to the usual group, the telemedicine group significantly reduced the overall occurrence of stoma-related complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.15-0.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, it resulted in a decrease in stoma complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15-0.47, p < 0.00001) and peristomal complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.19-0.34, p < 0.00001). Therefore, the existing evidence suggests that the application of telemedicine can reduce the incidence of stoma and peristomal complications, making it a valuable clinical recommendation.

A highly reversible force-assisted Li - CO2 battery based on piezoelectric effect of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 nanorods.

The use of light-assisted cathode is regarded as an effective approach to reduce the overpotential of lithium carbon dioxide (Li - CO2) batteries. However, the inefficient electron-hole separation and the complex discharge-charge reactions hamper the efficiency of CO2 photocatalytic reaction in battery. Herein, a highly reversible force-assisted Li - CO2 battery has been established for the first time by employing a Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 nanorods piezoelectric cathode. The high-energy electron and holes generated by the piezoelectric cathode with ultrasonic force can effectively enhance the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CDRR) and carbon dioxide evolution reaction (CDER) kinetics, thereby reducing the overpotentials during the discharge-charge processes. Moreover, the morphology of the discharge product (Li2CO3) can be modified via the dense surface electrons of the piezoelectric cathode, resulting in the promoted decomposition kinetics of Li2CO3 in charging progress. Thus, the force-assisted Li - CO2 battery with the unique piezoelectric cathode can adjust the output and input energy by ultrasonic wave, and provides an ultra-low charging platform of 3.52 V, and exhibits excellent cycle stability (a charging platform of 3.42 V after 100 h cycles). The investigation of the force-assisted process described herein provides significant insights to solve overpotential in the Li - CO2 batteries system.

Exploring the mechanism of Xihuang Pill's anti-hyperplasia of mammary glands effect based on UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS technology / 药学学报

Based on UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS and biological network analysis tools, the mechanism of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands was systematically analyzed. The rat model of hyperplasia of mammary glands was established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. LC-MS tissue metabolomics was used to explore the key metabolites and metabolic pathways of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands in rat. The network analysis of the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pill was carried out by integrating biological network analysis tools, focusing on the key metabolic pathways, and exploring the potential targets of Xihuang Pill to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the content of 49 differential metabolites in the tissues of the model group (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pills could significantly call back 17 metabolites such as L-alanine, threonine, indole-3-carboxylic aldehyde, lysine, arginine, alanylleucine, glycyltyrosine, γ-glutamyl leucine, vitamin B3, serine leucine, threonine leucine, isoleucine glutamic acid, γ-glutamyl tyrosine, decanoyl-L-carnitine, uric acid, leucylleucine, S-adenosyl-methionine. Further network analysis and literature research on the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pills showed that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be one of the important pathways for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. STAT3, MAPK1, EGFR, CASP3, CASP8, PRKCA and JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be potential targets for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. The animal experiment operations involved in this paper follow the provisions of the Animal Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and pass the ethical review of animal experiments (approval number: 2022-705).

Evolution and innovation of preservation fluid for donor liver / 器官移植

Organ preservation fluid could mitigate cold ischemia injury and maintain normal function of the grafts. At present, how to reduce a series of injury caused by cold ischemia of donor liver and improve the preservation quality of grafts are the hot and challenging spots in this field. Currently, preservation fluid in clinical practice has not achieved ideal preservation effect, especially for the protection of marginal donor organs. In the context of severe donor shortage, the key solution is still to explore the optimal preservation protocol for donor liver to prevent grafts from cold ischemia injury. In this article, the mechanism of donor liver injury during cold ischemia, the classification and evolution of donor liver preservation fluid were summarized, the development direction and challenges of donor liver preservation fluid were discussed, aiming to provide novel ideas and references for the research and development of donor liver preservation fluid.

Pharmacological inhibition of CLK2 activates YAP by promoting alternative splicing of AMOTL2.

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream effector of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway, promotes cellular proliferation and coordinates certain regenerative responses in mammals. Small molecule activators of YAP may, therefore, display therapeutic utility in treating disease states involving insufficient proliferative repair. From a high-throughput chemical screen of the comprehensive drug repurposing library ReFRAME, here we report the identification of SM04690, a clinical stage inhibitor of CLK2, as a potent activator of YAP-driven transcriptional activity in cells. CLK2 inhibition promotes alternative splicing of the Hippo pathway protein AMOTL2, producing an exon-skipped gene product that can no longer associate with membrane-bound proteins, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and membrane localization of YAP. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which pharmacological perturbation of alternative splicing inactivates the Hippo pathway and promotes YAP-dependent cellular growth.

Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation.

Cross talk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This cross talk is often achieved through covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate key stress-responsive transcription factors like NRF2. Metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 repressor KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolism to NRF2 activation. Succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.

Covalent targeting as a common mechanism for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex important for the regulation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1ß and IL-18. Aberrant overactivation of NLRP3 is implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders. However, the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to develop pharmacologic approaches to target this important inflammatory complex. Here, we developed and implemented a high-throughput screen to identify compounds that inhibit inflammasome assembly and activity. From this screen we identify and profile inflammasome inhibition of 20 new covalent compounds across 9 different chemical scaffolds, as well as many known inflammasome covalent inhibitors. Intriguingly, our results indicate that NLRP3 possesses numerous reactive cysteines on multiple domains whose covalent targeting blocks activation of this inflammatory complex. Specifically, focusing on compound VLX1570, which possesses multiple electrophilic moieties, we demonstrate that this compound allows covalent, intermolecular crosslinking of NLRP3 cysteines to inhibit inflammasome assembly. Our results, along with the recent identification of numerous covalent molecules that inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggests that NLRP3 serves as a cellular electrophile sensor important for coordinating inflammatory signaling in response to redox stress. Further, our results support the potential for covalent cysteine modification of NLRP3 for regulating inflammasome activation and activity.

Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a novel multienzyme isothermal rapid assay.

Simple, rapid, and accurate detection of Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance is essential for early initiation of appropriate anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen among rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). In this study, we developed a new assay, which combines multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification and a lateral flow strip (MIRA-LF), to identify the mutations on codons 90 and 94 of gyrA for detecting levofloxacin (LFX) resistance. Compared to conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, the new assay detected fluoroquinolone resistance with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.4%, 98.5%, and 96.5%, respectively. Thus, these characteristics of the newly developed MIRA-LF assay make it particularly useful and accurate for detecting FQ resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in resource-limited condition.

Pharmacological inhibition of CLK2 activates YAP by promoting alternative splicing of AMOTL2.

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream effector of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway, promotes cellular proliferation and coordinates certain regenerative responses in mammals. Small molecule activators of YAP may therefore display therapeutic utility in treating disease states involving insufficient proliferative repair. From a high-throughput chemical screen of the comprehensive drug repurposing library ReFRAME, here we report the identification of SM04690, a clinical stage inhibitor of CLK2, as a potent activator of YAP driven transcriptional activity in cells. CLK2 inhibition promotes alternative splicing of the Hippo pathway protein AMOTL2, producing an exon-skipped gene product that can no longer associate with membrane-bound proteins, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and membrane localization of YAP. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which pharmacological perturbation of alternative splicing inactivates the Hippo pathway and promotes YAP dependent cellular growth.

Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation.

Crosstalk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis. One way this crosstalk is achieved is through the covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate the activity of key stress-responsive transcription factors such as NRF2. Several metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 regulatory protein KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolic pathways to NRF2 activation. We found that succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 transcriptional signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.

Evaluation of the correlation between sleep quality and work engagement among nurses in Shanghai during the post-epidemic era.

AIM: To examine the status quo and influencing factors of sleep quality and work engagement of nurses participating in COVID-19 during the post-epidemic era and to study the relationship between them. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey and correlational and predictive logic to determine the association between sleep quality and work engagement among nurses in Shanghai during the post-epidemic era. METHODS: This design involved 1060 frontline nurses in Shanghai. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 scales were used for data collection. RESULTS: This study found that the sleep quality of frontline nurses was impaired and the nurses with poor sleep accounted for 48.20% during the post-epidemic era. The work engagement of frontline nurses was at the medium level. Factors affecting nurses' sleep quality were the number of nurse night shifts, family support and nurse health. The factors affecting the nurse work engagement were monthly income, profession title, family support and self-health status. There was a positive correlation between nurses' sleep quality and work engagement.

miR-21-5p Inhibits Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Regulating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway through MELK.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, and its incidence rate is increasing worldwide. At present, there is no ideal treatment for HCC. In recent years, molecular-targeted therapy has shown significant therapeutic benefits for patients. Ferroptosis is a modality of regulated cell death, and previous studies have found that inducing ferroptosis in liver cancer cells can inhibit the progression of liver cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-21-5p in regulating ferroptosis in HCC cells. Methods: CCK-8 was used to measure cell viability, EdU and colony formation were used to measure cell proliferation, and Transwell assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion. RT-qPCR was used to detect the level of miR-21-5p, Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the targeting relationship between miR-21-5p and MELK, and coimmunoprecipitation was used to determine the interaction between MELK and AKT. Results: Overexpression of miR-21-5p and MELK facilitated the viability, proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells. Downregulation of miR-21-5p suppressed the level of MELK and the progression of HCC. MELK regulated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, causing changes in the levels of GPX4, GSH, FTH1, xCT, heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), reactive oxygen species, and Fe2+ to regulate the ferroptosis of hepatoma cells. Erastin, an inducer of ferroptosis, attenuated the repressive influence of miR-21-5p on ferroptosis in HCC cells. Conclusion: In summary, this study demonstrates that miR-21-5p inhibits the ferroptosis of HCC cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway through MELK.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice.

AIMS: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20 % of children and 10 % of adults worldwide; however, the exact molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we used integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to study the potential mechanisms of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions. KEY FINDINGS: We found that DNCB induced AD-like skin lesions, including phenotypical and histomorphological alterations and transcriptional and metabolic alterations in mice. A total of 3413 differentially expressed metabolites were detected between DNCB-induced AD-like mice and healthy controls, which includes metabolites in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes associated (DEGs) with these metabolic pathways were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and we found that the expression of pyrimidine metabolism-associated genes was significantly increased. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glucagon signaling pathway and pentose phosphate pathway-associated metabolic genes were dramatically altered. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results explain the possible mechanism of AD at the gene and metabolite levels and provide potential targets for the development of clinical drugs for AD.

Factors affecting postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the factors affecting postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods:A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 55 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. There were 33 males and 22 females, with the age range of 13-68 years [(43.0±15.5)years]. All patients were assessed for the consciousness level using the coma recovery scale-revision (CRS-R) preoperatively and within 48 hours postoperatively. A total of 33 patients were observed in vegetative state and 22 in minimally conscious state preoperatively. The consciousness level was found to be improved in 26 patients (consciousness- improved group), but not improved in the remaining 29 patients (consciousness-unimproved group). Indicators were documented including gender, age, cause of injury, Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission, course of injury, preoperative consciousness level, operation mode, operation time, intraoperative fluid replenishment, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative bleeding volume, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, analgesic regimen and sedation maintenance drugs. A univariate analysis was conducted first to assess those indicators′ correlation with postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was then used to determine the independent risk factors for their postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level.Results:Univariate analysis showed that GCS on admission, course of injury, preoperative consciousness level and analgesic regimen were correlated with short-term improvement of postoperative consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI (all P<0.05), whereas gender, age, cause of injury, operation mode, operation time, intraoperative fluid replenishment, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative bleeding volume, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and sedation maintenance drugs showed no relation to the improvement of postoperative consciousness level (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the GCS ≥7 points on admission ( OR=0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.36, P<0.01), preoperative minimally conscious state ( OR=0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.40, P<0.01) and intraoperative use of Sufentanil combined with Remifentanil ( OR=0.07, 95% CI 0.01, 0.43, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with postoperative improvement of consciousness level. Conclusion:The GCS on admission (≥7 points), preoperative minimally conscious state and intraoperative use of Sufentanil combined with Remifentanil are independent risk factors affecting short-term postoperative improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI.

Current situation and changing trends of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, 2013-2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the epidemic situation and trend of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County (referred to as Menyuan County) of Qinghai Province, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control measures in Menyuan County.Methods:Data on human brucellosis in Menyuan County reported by the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2013 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis (three distribution).Results:A total of 186 cases of brucellosis were confirmed from 2013 to 2020, with an average annual incidence of 14.553/100 000. The annual incidence rate was increasing year by year(χ 2trend = 22.08, P = 0.002). The cases were distributed in 67 villages of 12 towns; cases were more common in the age group of 15-< 65 years old (96.24%, 179/186), and there were more men than women cases (sex ratio was 3.89∶1.00, 148/38). Conclusions:The incidence rate of brucellosis cases in Menyuan County is increasing year by year, and the scope of its impact is constantly expanding. A multi-sectoral joint prevention and control mechanism should be established to strengthen management, increase the prevention and control of brucellosis, and stop the spread of the epidemic to surrounding counties and cities.

Genotyping and traceability analysis of Brucella isolated from Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by MLVA / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing of Brucella isolated from Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province, and to explore the relationship between the strains and strains previous isolated from Qinghai Province. Methods:Blood samples of Himalayan marmot were collected in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province from March 2019 to October 2020. Pathogens were isolated and cultured from Brucella antibody positive samples identified by using the rose bengal test (RBT). Conventional biological methods and molecular biological methods (BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR) were used for strain identification. At the same time, MLVA method was used to genotype the isolated strains, and cluster analysis was used to analyze the genetic relationships between the strains based on the genotype of 70 Brucella isolated from different hosts in Qinghai Province. Results:A total of 1 466 blood samples of Himalayan marmot were collected from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Two strains of Brucella were isolated and cultured from 64 RBT-positive samples, named QH2013054 and QH2013062, respectively. They were identified as Brucella ovis biotype Ⅲ by conventional and molecular biological methods. The MLVA genotyping results showed that QH2013054 and QH2013062 were different at the Bru16 locus, indicating different MLVA genotypes. Cluster analysis showed that strain QH2013054 had the same MLVA genotype as 7 strains, among which 6 strains were from 3 farmers and 3 sheep from the same family in Gonghe County, and 1 strain was from a farmer in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County. The strain QH2013062 had the same MLVA genotype as 4 strains, including 3 strains from 3 farmers in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County and 1 strain from a farmer in Tu Autonomous County of Huzhu. Conclusions:The strains of Brucella isolated from Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province have the same MLVA genotype as some strains of Brucella isolated from humans and sheep in Qinghai Province. It is speculated that the host humans, sheep and Himalayan marmot in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may have a common source of infection.

Application of video laryngoscope combined with bronchial blocker and double-lumen tube in the standardized training of anesthesia for tracheal intubation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the comparative study of video laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker and video laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube in the teaching of endotracheal intubation in thoracic surgery in the standardized residency training of anesthesia.Methods:The trainees of the standardized residency training were randomly divided into control group and experimental group for clinical teaching, with 25 ones in each group. The experimental group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker, while the control group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube group. The intubation time, intubation success rate, positioning time, hemodynamic changes, and complication incidence during intubation, as well as student assessment results were recorded. GraphPad Prism 6.0 was used for t test and Chi-square test. Results:The time of endotracheal intubation [(95.3±10.1) vs. (137.5±13.5)] and positioning time [(100.8±11.7) vs. (155.4±15.3)] in the experimental group were both shorter than those of the control group ( P< 0.001), the hemodynamic changes in patients with immediate intubation were smaller ( P<0.001), the success rate of intubation was higher (92% vs. 68%) ( P<0.001), the complication incidence was lower ( P<0.001) and the students' performance was higher ( P<0.001). Conclusion:In the anesthesia teaching of thoracic surgery, bronchial blocker can reduce the time of endotracheal intubation, lower the hemodynamic changes during intubation, cut down the incidence of complications, improve the success rate of endotracheal intubation and enhance the confidence of students.

Prenatal Diagnosis of 18q Deletion Syndrome / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the prenatal diagnostic methods of 18q deletion syndrome and improve understanding on the value of non-invasive prenatal testing （NIPT） in prenatal diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome. Methods18q deletion syndrome was detected by conventional methods such as serological screening， ultrasonic imaging examination， chromosome karyotype analyses of both amniotic fluid cells and parental peripheral blood， and molecular biological techniques including NIPT， chromosomal microarray analysis （CMA） and copy number variation sequencing （CNV-Seq）. Genetic counseling was conducted based on these examination results. ResultsNIPT identified a 24 MB deletion on the chromosome 18 which contained 17 genes including BCL2 by karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid cells and CMA. Further ultrasonic imaging examination confirmed the diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome and karyotype analysis of parental peripheral blood revealed a de novo deletion mutation. ConclusionsInterventional prenatal diagnosis is an integral standard for the diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome. NIPT， as an important screening test in middle pregnancy， can indicate the early possible chromosome segment deletion and reduce the time and economic cost when no abnormality is found in ultrasonic imaging.